When Nations Trade Minerals for Lives: Zambia’s Bold Stand Against U.S. Aid Coercion and the Diaspora-Led Blueprint for Health Sovereignty

CAPTION:
*”A $1 billion ultimatum, 1.3 million lives in the balance, and a diaspora-powered movement declaring: Zambia will not be mortgaged.”*

Author:
Dr. Francis Fagjot John, Editor & Publisher, TipsNews.info

Submittable to: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Zambia), the Ministry of Health (Zambia), the Zambia Diaspora Chamber of Commerce (ZDCC), the African Union, the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and all organs of complaint seeking actionable change.

Kansas City, MO — May 5, 2026

By now, the world knows the contours of the story. A draft memo from the U.S. State Department’s Africa Bureau, obtained by The New York Times in March 2026, laid bare a geopolitical gambit of breathtaking cynicism: withhold lifesaving HIV treatment from 1.3 million Zambians unless the southern African nation grants American businesses preferential access to its critical minerals—copper, cobalt, lithium.

The deadline was set for April 30, 2026. Zambia must decide, the memo stated, or face the “massive scale” withdrawal of health support. Al Jazeera framed the moment with brutal clarity: “Zambia must decide by April 30 if it will provide American businesses with preferential access to its minerals, or lose support for 1.3 million people who rely on US funding for HIV treatment”.

But what the memo’s authors at Foggy Bottom almost certainly did not anticipate was the response—not just from governments and global health organizations, but from a determined network of Zambians at home and abroad who had, months earlier, already begun building the scaffolding for a post-aid future.

This article is both a chronicle and a call to action. It traces the arc from threat to response, documents the diaspora-led solutions that are redefining Zambia’s health sovereignty, and lays out a replicable blueprint for any nation that refuses to trade the lives of its citizens for the interests of foreign powers.

I. THE ULTIMATUM: AID AS A WEAPON

The leaked State Department memo, prepared for Secretary of State Marco Rubio, was unambiguous in its intention. “We will only secure our priorities by demonstrating willingness to publicly take support away from Zambia on a massive scale,” it read.

The mechanism was the renegotiation of a health funding agreement that would have provided approximately $1 billion over five years—less than half of what Zambia received before President Trump’s broad cuts to foreign aid. But unlike other health agreements signed by 24 countries, the Zambia deal was different. It explicitly linked continued health assistance to mineral access concessions, a demand that would give U.S. companies what Washington has long sought but been unable to secure through normal commercial channels: preferential entry into one of the world’s most resource-rich territories.

Zambia is one of the world’s major copper producers and holds huge reserves of lithium and cobalt—minerals essential to the global green energy transition. The U.S. frustration, as the memo makes clear, stems from what it sees as China’s “unfettered access” to that wealth. The solution, apparently, was not to compete on fair terms but to hold medicine hostage.

The response was swift and global in its condemnation. Three Democratic senators demanded Secretary Rubio reject what they called a “scheme to withhold lifesaving HIV treatment from over a million Zambians”. The Dominican Leadership Conference and over 90 global organizations signed a joint letter stating that PEPFAR and other health assistance “should in no way be conditioned on any sort of minerals agreement” and urged the administration to “immediately and publicly repudiate the notion that the United States would hold lifesaving medical aid hostage”.

The Africa Report described the American approach as “a form of blackmail made worse by its aggressive timeline”—demanding a response by April 1, 2026, or face immediate suspension.

Zambia’s response was measured but firm. In February, the government said the U.S. proposal “did not align with its interests”. By March, negotiations had stalled, with Zambia rejecting the latest draft of the memorandum of understanding, citing “concerns over sovereignty and attempts to link aid to mining deals”.

As the April 30 deadline approached, the Express (UK) reported: “Trump makes Zambia demand by tomorrow—or he’ll cut country’s medication access”. The Mirror echoed: “Donald Trump has told Zambia that it will have to provide preferential mineral supply to the US—or risk a massive cut in healthcare funding”.

II. THE HUMAN COST: WHAT 1.3 MILLION LIVES MEAN

Behind the diplomatic language and the leaked memos lies a human reality that cannot be abstracted into negotiating positions.

As of early 2026, approximately 1.3 million Zambians rely on daily HIV treatment provided through PEPFAR and on tuberculosis and malaria medications that save tens of thousands of lives each year. The disruption that began with the broad U.S. aid cuts in January 2025 has already had consequences. The Zambian health ministry estimates that 100,000 people stopped taking their medication during the upheaval, and 40,000 have yet to be re-engaged.

Clinics across the country have reported strained services, interrupted HIV care, and deep uncertainty among both patients and providers who depend on PEPFAR-supported programs.

For a country that has made remarkable progress in its HIV response—including the launch of Lenacapavir, a long-acting injectable for HIV prevention, and the Zambia HIV Prevention Roadmap 2025–2030—the threat of sudden funding withdrawal represents not just a health crisis but a betrayal of years of partnership.

The Pharmacy Times was unequivocal: “Humanitarian Aid Should Never Be a Negotiating Chip”—a sentiment echoed by health advocates worldwide who see the U.S. posture as a dangerous precedent that would allow any donor nation to leverage life-saving assistance for commercial or geopolitical gain.

III. THE IBEX 2025 PROPHECY: WHEN ZAMBIA SAW THE STORM COMING

What makes the current crisis particularly significant is that it was anticipated, discussed, and solution-framed—not in the corridors of the State Department or the African Union, but by Zambians themselves, months before the leaked memo made global headlines.

In March 2025, the International Business Exchange (IBEx) Hybrid Conference, organized by the Zambia Diaspora Chamber of Commerce (ZDCC) at the Taj Pamodzi Hotel in Lusaka, brought together government officials, business leaders, diaspora representatives, and civil society for a conversation about Zambia’s economic future.

The conference was addressed by Hon. Mulambo Haimbe, SC MP, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, who publicly acknowledged the ideas and leadership of the ZDCC and stressed the importance of collaboration between government, local businesses, and Zambians living abroad.

It was at this conference—months before the State Department memo existed—that the ZDCC first articulated the vision that has now become a national imperative: Zambia must prepare for a future without guaranteed foreign health assistance.

The President’s Statement, which was read and included in the official communiques circulated to all relevant ministries, captured the moment with prescient clarity:

“Sustaining Development: Zambia’s Resilience Beyond USAID”

“As Zambia continues its march towards economic self-sufficiency, we must recognize the evolving landscape of international aid and development support. The recent decision to scrap USAID funding for Zambia presents both a challenge and an opportunity. It is a call for us to redefine our self-reliance and take charge of our developmental agenda.”

“In response, the Zambia Charity Fund (ZCF) is being positioned as a locally driven, impact-focused initiative to fill the gap left by USAID, ensuring that critical sectors such as healthcare, education, entrepreneurship, and community development do not suffer setbacks.”

This statement was not merely rhetorical. It was a declaration of intent that has since shaped the national conversation. The communiques were formally submitted to vital ministries for information and record purposes, and the ZDCC has remained in an open posture, ready to work with the government to activate and actualize this vision.

“We wished we were called up to do a follow-up to all submissions at IBEx 2025,” the ZDCC leadership has stated, “where we first mentioned our interest to pioneer this and were acknowledged in the minister’s speech. Communiques were submitted to vital ministries for information and record purposes, and we are still open to work with the government to activate and actualize this vision.”

IV. THE ZAMBIA SOLUTION: A DIASPORA-LED BLUEPRINT FOR HEALTH SOVEREIGNTY

The ZDCC has not waited for government action. As the U.S. pressure campaign has intensified, the organization has launched a comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy that represents perhaps the most innovative diaspora-led health sustainability initiative on the African continent today.

A. THE ZAMBIA CHARITY FUND (ZCF)

At the heart of the ZDCC’s response is the Zambia Charity Fund (ZCF), a locally driven, impact-focused vehicle designed to fill the gap left by USAID and ensure that critical sectors do not suffer while Zambia transitions to self-sufficiency. The Fund has already raised about $500 in seed capital to kickstart its campaign—a modest beginning, but one that carries enormous symbolic and structural significance.

B. ADOPT-A-PATIENT: MOBILIZING ZAMBIAN CAPABILITY

Drawing on successful models from around the world, the ZDCC is calling on capable Zambians—individuals, families, businesses, and diaspora associations—to “adopt” HIV patients, providing direct support for medication, nutrition, and ancillary care. This model, variously implemented in countries from South Africa to Thailand, transforms HIV care from a government-dependent program into a community-owned responsibility.

C. THE “EVERY LITTLE KWACHA COUNTS” CAMPAIGN

The ZDCC proposes the establishment of donation collection spots across all of Zambia—in shopping centers, places of worship, community halls, and public buildings—where every citizen can contribute, no matter how small. This campaign reclaims the narrative: Zambians caring for Zambians.

D. ANNUAL NATIONAL HIV FUNDRAISING DAY

Modeled on successful national fundraising campaigns globally, the ZDCC proposes an annual fundraising drive that brings together government, private sector, civil society, and diaspora on a single day of unified giving.

E. ONLINE DONATION PLATFORM WITH FULL TRANSPARENCY

A publicly accessible online platform will enable continuous donation collection from Zambians at home and abroad, with complete financial transparency—every contribution visible, every expenditure accounted for, every patient reached documented.

F. DIASPORA MANAGEMENT AND OVERSIGHT

The ZDCC insists that the Zambian diaspora must be formally integrated into the management and oversight of all HIV-related funds. This ensures that the financial discipline, global networks, and accountability standards that Zambians abroad have developed are brought to bear on the challenge at home.

G. TAX LEVIES ON KEY SECTORS

A minimal percentage tax on sectors of relevance—telecommunications, mining, banking, and hospitality, among others—would create a dedicated, sustainable revenue stream for HIV programs. This model has proven successful in countries such as Zimbabwe (the AIDS Levy) and is being explored across the continent.

H. LOCAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION

The ZDCC calls on Zambian pharmacy schools, universities, and pharmaceutical companies to prioritize the research, development, and production of affordable antiretroviral drugs domestically. “Zambia pharmacies from schools to practice must be tasked in coming up with such drugs to address its health issues,” the ZDCC states. “It’s a wake-up call.”

This approach aligns with broader African efforts to reduce dependence on imported pharmaceuticals. South Africa, for example, has begun manufacturing lenacapavir locally, demonstrating that localized production of advanced HIV medications is achievable with political will and strategic investment.

I. PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT

Every business in Zambia, the ZDCC proposes, should have a donation spot—a simple but powerful way of normalizing collective responsibility. This aligns with the Zambian government’s own Private Sector Engagement Strategy on HIV and AIDS (2025–2027), which calls for:

• Integrating HIV services into workplace wellness.
• Expanding insurance coverage to include HIV care.
• Allocating at least 1% of CSR budgets to HIV programs.
• Scaling up local production of HIV commodities.

J. TRANSPARENCY AND THE FINE PRINT

Critically, the ZDCC emphasizes that every Zambian receiving support—whether from government, foreign donors, or domestic funds—must understand the terms of that support. “Every claimed free service must have its fine print thoroughly read and digested for the benefit of the populace,” the ZDCC states. “All such offers must be inclusive and exhausted in discussion, and the populace must also proffer solutions.”

“Timely engagement is essential to ensure these decisions do not backfire as a surprise.”

V. KEY DEVELOPMENTS: THE TIMELINE OF A CRISIS AND A RESPONSE

March 16, 2026: The News Breaks

The New York Times publishes the leaked State Department memo, revealing that the U.S. is considering withholding HIV aid to leverage mineral access concessions from Zambia. The memo proposes “taking support away on a massive scale.”

March 24, 2026: Global Outrage

The Africa Report describes the U.S. approach as “a form of blackmail.” Over 90 global organizations sign a joint letter condemning the linking of health aid to mineral deals.

March 27, 2026: Zambia Rejects Initial Terms

Zambia rejects the latest draft of the U.S. health funding memorandum, citing concerns over sovereignty and attempts to link aid to mining deals.

April 8, 2026: U.S. Travel Advisory Expanded

The U.S. Department of State places 23 of Nigeria’s 36 states under Level 4: Do Not Travel—a stark reminder of how foreign capitals assess security across the continent.

April 10, 2026: DW and Others Probe Deeper

DW reports: “Millions depend on US funding for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria treatment. Yet Zambia is hesitant to agree.” Zambia must also commit $340 million in new health spending.

April 12, 2026: The Full Scope of Demands Revealed

Global Nation reports that in addition to mineral access, the U.S. is demanding Zambia commit $340 million in new health spending and share biological and specimen data for 25 years. The deadline: May 2026, or lose funding.

April 29, 2026: Al Jazeera Documentary

Al Jazeera releases a video investigation: “Is the US forcing Zambia to trade minerals for lives?” The April 30 deadline is broadcast globally.

April 30, 2026: The Deadline Arrives

The Express (UK) reports: “Trump makes Zambia demand by tomorrow—or he’ll cut country’s medication access.” Zambia must decide whether to grant U.S. businesses preferential access.

May 2, 2026: The Human Toll Documented

The Davis Vanguard reports: “Zambia’s HIV Services Collapse as US Cuts PEPFAR Funding.” An estimated 100,000 people stopped taking medication during the disruption, and 40,000 remain unengaged.

May 4, 2026: Fact-Checkers Weigh In

Yahoo News investigates whether Trump demanded Zambia hand over mineral rights or lose access to lifesaving HIV/AIDS medications. The reporting is confirmed as credible, though details of negotiations remain uncertain.

VI. INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ZAMBIA’S HEALTH SOVEREIGNTY

Drawing on the ZDCC’s vision, global best practices, and the urgent demands of the current moment, the following represents a comprehensive, actionable framework for health sovereignty—not just for Zambia, but for any nation seeking to break free from the weaponization of foreign aid.

DOMESTIC MOBILIZATION

S/N 1: Zambia Charity Fund (ZCF) Operationalization
The ZCF must be fully operationalized with a governance board comprising government, private sector, civil society, and diaspora representatives. Initial seed capital of $500 has been raised; a national launch should target $10 million in the first year.

S/N 2: “Adopt-a-Patient” National Program
Formalize a program through which capable Zambians—individuals and corporations—can sponsor the medication and care of specific HIV patients, with regular updates and transparent reporting.

S/N 3: National HIV Donation Collection Points
Establish physical donation collection points in every district of Zambia—at shopping centers, places of worship, banks, and government offices—where citizens can contribute to the ZCF.

S/N 4: Online Donation Platform with Real-Time Transparency
Launch a publicly accessible online platform (website and mobile application) that enables continuous donations, tracks every contribution and expenditure, and provides real-time updates on patients supported.

S/N 5: Annual National HIV Fundraising Day
Designate a day each year when all Zambians—at home and abroad—unite to raise funds for the national HIV response, supported by media campaigns, corporate partnerships, and diaspora events.

S/N 6: Tax Levy on Key Sectors
Introduce a minimal levy (0.5–1%) on revenue from major sectors—telecommunications, mining, banking, and hospitality—with proceeds dedicated to the ZCF. This follows the model of Zimbabwe’s successful AIDS Levy.

S/N 7: Local Pharmaceutical Production Mandate
Direct Zambian universities, pharmacy schools, and domestic pharmaceutical companies to prioritize the research, development, and local production of ARVs and related medications, with government incentives for first-to-market solutions.

S/N 8: Private Sector CSR Allocation
Mandate that all businesses operating in Zambia allocate at least 1% of CSR budgets to HIV programs, as recommended by the National AIDS Council’s Private Sector Engagement Strategy (2025–2027).

S/N 9: Diaspora Fund Management and Oversight
Formally integrate the Zambian diaspora—through the ZDCC—into the management and oversight of HIV-related funds, leveraging the financial discipline, global networks, and accountability standards developed abroad.

S/N 10: “Know Your Terms” Public Education Campaign
Launch a nationwide public education campaign ensuring every Zambian receiving any health support understands the terms, conditions, fine print, and implications of that support—whether from government, donors, or domestic funds.

REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY

S/N 11: African Union Pharmaceutical Initiative
Zambia should lead the call at the African Union for a continental pharmaceutical production initiative that pools resources, shares technology, and reduces Africa’s dependence on imported medications.

S/N 12: South-South Cooperation on Drug Production
Build bilateral partnerships with countries that have established domestic ARV production capacity—South Africa, India, Brazil, and Thailand—for technology transfer, training, and joint manufacturing.

S/N 13: ECOWAS-SADC Joint Statement on Aid Conditionality
Zambia should work with SADC and ECOWAS counterparts to issue a joint statement rejecting the linking of health aid to mineral or commercial concessions—establishing a continental norm against the weaponization of humanitarian assistance.

S/N 14: UN General Assembly Resolution
Zambia should introduce a resolution at the UN General Assembly affirming that lifesaving health assistance shall not be conditioned on non-health-related concessions—creating a binding international norm.

S/N 15: WHO Reform Advocacy
Advocate within the WHO for reforms that insulate health assistance from geopolitical bargaining, ensuring that no donor nation can unilaterally withdraw support as a negotiating tactic.

MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY

S/N 16: National Health Aid Transparency Portal
Establish a public portal tracking all foreign health assistance to Zambia—amounts, terms, conditions, and timelines—so that every citizen can see exactly what has been promised, what has been delivered, and at what cost.

S/N 17: HIV Patient Tracking and Support System
Create a national digital platform that maps every HIV patient receiving treatment in Zambia, tracks their medication status, flags interruptions, and enables rapid re-engagement—ensuring that no patient is lost to follow-up.

S/N 18: Annual Health Sovereignty Report to Parliament
Mandate an annual, independently audited report to the Zambian Parliament on the state of health sovereignty—tracking progress on domestic resource mobilization, local production, and patient outcomes.

VII. THE SLOGAN: WORDS THAT CARRY HOPE

For the 1.3 million Zambians living with HIV—and for the millions more who love them—the ZDCC offers a slogan that carries within it the weight of a nation’s promise:

“Kenako kuli ndi ife. Ndipo moyo utapitilila.”

(The future is ours. And life shall continue.)

And for the global campaign, a simple, resonant call:

“Zambian Lives Are Not Bargaining Chips.”

VIII. THE BROADER LESSON: WHAT ZAMBIA’S STAND MEANS FOR THE WORLD

Zambia’s response to the U.S. ultimatum carries significance far beyond its borders. In a world where aid is increasingly weaponized—where humanitarian assistance becomes a tool of geopolitical coercion, where lifesaving medication is leveraged for mineral access—Zambia is demonstrating that there is another way.

“This is damaging to a nation,” the ZDCC has stated. “Trading lives for valuable heavy metal—not in a friendly and co-existence way or form.” The organization has committed to “continue to advocate and support the government that is in the right direction—not mortgaging Zambia with international trades or loans.”

The stakes could not be higher. The path Zambia chooses—and the success of the ZCF and related initiatives—will be watched by every developing nation that has ever been told that its people’s health is contingent on its government’s compliance.

President Hakainde Hichilema has described the closure of USAID operations as a chance to “take care of our own affairs”. Zambia’s 2026 budget has already raised healthcare spending by 13% to approximately $1.1 billion and boosted drug procurement funds by 30%—while pledging to tackle the theft of donated medicines.

But budgets alone will not solve the problem. What is required is a fundamental reorientation—from dependency to self-reliance, from passive receipt of aid to active ownership of health, from trusting the fine print of foreign donors to reading, understanding, and shaping the terms of every agreement that affects Zambian lives.

“What these experiences have shown,” the ZDCC states, “is that foreign support is not permanent. Every Zambian who receives support or funding or claimed free services—the fine print must be thoroughly read and digested to the benefits of the populace. All such offers must be inclusive and exhausted in discussion, and the populace must also proffer solutions. Timely engagement is essential, so these decisions do not backfire as a surprise.”

IX. CONCLUSION: THE MOMENT BELONGS TO ZAMBIA

On April 30, 2026, the deadline passed. As of this writing, the status of negotiations remains fluid. But what has already been achieved is historic: Zambia did not simply capitulate. It did not accept that the lives of its citizens could be treated as bargaining chips. It pushed back, negotiated, and—most importantly—began building the alternative.

The ZDCC’s vision, first articulated at the IBEx 2025 conference at the Pamodzi Hotel and formally submitted to government ministries through official communiques, has moved from aspiration to urgent necessity. “Zambia, Zambia,” as the ZDCC leadership has called, “we are open to work with the government to activate and actualize this vision.”

The $500 raised so far is not a solution. It is a seed—a declaration that Zambians will not wait for permission to care for their own. The donation spots, the online platform, the adoption program, the pharmaceutical research mandate, the tax levy, the diaspora oversight—these are not abstractions. They are the architecture of a nation’s health sovereignty, designed by Zambians, for Zambians, and open to the world to support and replicate.

For too long, the global health system has been built on a foundation of benevolent paternalism—the assumption that wealthy nations give and poorer nations receive, that lifesaving medication is a gift rather than a right, that the terms of health can be set in Washington or Geneva without the meaningful participation of those whose lives hang in the balance.

Zambia is saying no to that model. And the ZDCC is showing the world what comes next.

The communiques have been submitted. The vision has been articulated. The seed capital has been raised. The invitation to government remains open. The momentum is building.

To the 1.3 million Zambians living with HIV: “Kenako kuli ndi ife. Ndipo moyo utapitilila.” (The future is ours. And life shall continue.)

To the world: Zambia will not be mortgaged. And to every nation watching: the blueprint is on the table.

This article is submitted with the urgent expectation of action and may be freely distributed, cited, and used for advocacy and official complaints.

© 2026 TipsNews. All rights reserved.

SOURCES, REFERENCES, AND EVIDENTIAL LINKS

1. The New York Times – “U.S. Considers Withholding H.I.V. Aid Unless Zambia Expands Minerals Access” (March 16, 2026) – Read full article
2. Al Jazeera – “Is the US forcing Zambia to trade minerals for lives?” (April 29, 2026) – Watch video
3. Express (UK) – “Trump makes HIV aid threat as he demands critical mineral rights for US” (April 30, 2026) – Read more
4. The Mirror (UK) – “Trump makes Zambia demand by tomorrow – or he’ll cut country’s medication access” (April 30, 2026) – Read more
5. The Africa Report – “Life-saving HIV drugs used as ‘bargaining chip’ in US-Zambia mining talks” (March 24, 2026) – Read more
6. Pharmacy Times – “Humanitarian Aid Should Never Be a Negotiating Chip” (April 10, 2026) – Read more
7. Semafor – “Exclusive: State pressed on reported plan to condition health aid to Zambia” (April 16, 2026) – Read more
8. Washington Blade – “Report: US to withhold HIV aid to Zambia unless mineral access expanded” (March 17, 2026) – Read more
9. Capital & Main – “U.S. Demand for Mining Concessions in Return for Health Funding Prompts Backlash” (April 10, 2026) – Read more
10. DW – “Zambia: Is the US trading HIV treatment for minerals?” (April 10, 2026) – Read more
11. Global Nation / Inquirer – “Zambia: Is the US trading HIV treatment for resources?” (April 12, 2026) – Read more
12. Dominican Sisters International Confederation (DSIC) – “Dominican Leadership Conference and 90+ Global Organizations Denounce Use of HIV Aid as Leverage in Zambia Mineral Talks” (March 27, 2026) – Read more
13. European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG) – “The New York Time: US considers withholding HIV aid unless Zambia expands minerals access” (March 17, 2026) – Read more
14. CNBC TV18 – “Zambia to lose millions in health funding due to no critical minerals deal with US? What we know” (April 30, 2026) – Read more
15. Davis Vanguard – “Zambia’s HIV Services Collapse as US Cuts PEPFAR Funding” (May 2, 2026) – Read more
16. EYE WITNESS NEWS (EWN) – “Zambia pushes back against $1.5 billion US health aid deal linked to mining access” (March 4, 2026) – Read more
17. AVAC – “Global Health Watch: PEPFAR Data, Latest in Health Deals” (May 1, 2026) – Read more
18. The Chenab Times – “US Aid Cuts Threaten HIV Fight in Zambia” (April 25, 2026) – Read more
19. Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Zambia) – “ZAMBIA’S STABILITY, A CATALYST FOR INVESTMENT” – IBEx 2025 Hybrid Conference – Read more
20. The Africa Daily Post – “Zambia Seeks Stronger Ties with Diaspora for Economic Growth” (March 5, 2025) – Read more
21. PwC / Daily Nation Zambia – “Uncertainty in donor aid poses economic risks for Zambia” (April 17, 2025) – Read more
22. USAID – “Country Development Cooperation Strategy | Zambia” – Read more
23. Sputnik News Africa – “Zambia Welcomes US Aid Cuts as ‘Long Overdue’ Step Toward Self-Reliance, President Says” (October 8, 2025) – Read more
24. Zambia Monitor – “Zambia, Global Fund sign $362 million grant to boost fight against HIV, TB, Malaria” (October 7, 2025) – Read more
25. UN Zambia – “Zambia marks World AIDS Day with renewed leadership and commitment for HIV Prevention” (December 1, 2025) – Read more
26. National AIDS Council (NAC) Zambia – “Government urges the Private Sector to assist sustain HIV Gains” – Read more
27. International Labour Organization (ILO) – “Zambia launches HIV and AIDS Guidelines for the Informal Economy and Private Sector Engagement Strategy” (July 31, 2025) – Read more
28. Efficacy News Africa – “Diaspora Urged to Invest in Zambia’s Development” (December 1, 2025) – Read more
29. iDiaspora – “Zambian Diaspora Survey Report” – Read more